Zhang, Lahry, Cipurko et al. show that the microbial metabolites queuine and preQ1 modify the same host tRNA. PreQ1-tRNA reduces cell proliferation, slows tumour growth, decreases the translation of ribosomal proteins and is cleaved by IRE1 on the ER ribosome.

Plant roots release exudates to encourage microbiome assembly, which influences the function and stress resilience of plants. How specific exudates drive spatial colonization patterns remains largely ...

During nutrient deprivation, activation of the protein kinase GCN2 regulates cell survival and metabolic homeostasis. In addition to amino acid stress, GCN2 is activated by a variety of cellular stres...

The primatologist challenged what it meant to be a scientist.

Methodological advances in mapping transcriptome-wide RNA-protein interactions and RNA structures have started to uncover the potential of RNP conformations in gene regulation. Competing RNA–RNA, RNA...

Genomes contain orders of magnitude more open reading frames (ORFs) than known protein coding genes, and recent work suggests there may be unannotated proteins present in even the best studied organisms. To address this gap, we used a high throughput reverse genetic toolkit to construct precise C-terminal fusions of a reporter (and control) to >120,000 ORFs in model E. coli . We found hundreds of unannotated significant hits, and individually detected >50 novel polypeptides by western blot, including ORFs within tRNA loci. Many ORFs overlap annotated genes in the sense orientation, and we found these are likely chimeric polypeptides produced by ribosomal frameshifting. Using degron based knockdowns, we identified unannotated proteins that have putative fitness effects, and we found a novel small protein that displays phenotypes consistent with a role in the mRNA degradosome. The observation of a range of unannotated translation products should lead to better annotation and understanding of the bacterial domain of life and motivates the continued exploration of genomes broadly. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

Abstract. Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-degrading gut bacterium, contributes to intestinal homeostasis and metabolic disorders, yet its transcriptional

A super-pangenome analysis incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes reveals that bryophytes exhibit a larger number of unique and lineage-specific gene families than vascular plants.

Abstract. ATPase-coupled Toprim (Topoisomerase-primase) nucleases, known as Overcoming Lysogenization Defect (OLD) proteins, are crucial for diverse antiph

Abstract. Although bacteriophage genomes are under strong selective pressure for high coding density, they are still frequently invaded by mobile genetic e