Metagenomics for Microbiology, Second Edition unveils the intricate and diverse world of microbial communities, emphasizing their critical roles in he

Metagenomics for Microbiology, Second Edition unveils the intricate and diverse world of microbial communities, emphasizing their critical roles in he

Previous studies have identified significant individuality within the gut microbiome of common marmosets. The reasons for this inter-subject variability and how it relates to health in captivity are p...

Position Announcement: Postdoctoral Research FellowWe are seeking a highly motivated postdoctoral fellow to join the research team of Dr. Izard, working on the systemic effects of the human digestive ...

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, occurring in roughly 40,000 U.S. births annually. Malnutrition and feeding intolerance (FI) in CHD range from 30% to 42% and are associated with longer hospitalization and increased mortality. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) required for surgical repair of CHD induces a systemic inflammatory response worsening intestinal dysbiosis and leading to intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction (EBD), possibly contributing to postoperative FI. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of postoperative FI with intestinal microbiome, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and EBD in pediatric CHD after cardiac surgery. This was a prospective study of patients aged 0–15 years undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Samples were collected preoperatively and postoperatively to evaluate the gut microbiome, plasma EBD markers, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and plasma cytokines. Clinical data were collected to calculate a FI score and evaluate patient status postoperatively. We enrolled 26 CPB patients and identified FI (n = 13). Patients with FI had unique microbial shifts with the reduced SCFA-producing organisms Rothia, Clostridium innocuum, and Intestinimonas. Patients who developed FI had associated elevations in the plasma EBD markers claudin-2 (P < 0.05), claudin-3 (P < 0.01), and fatty acid binding protein (P < 0.01). Patients with FI had reduced plasma and stool SCFAs. Mediation analysis showed the microbiome functional shift was associated with reductions in stool butyric and propionic acid in patients with FI. In conclusion, we provide novel evidence that intestinal dysbiosis, markers of EBD, and SCFA depletion are associated with FI. These data will help identify mechanisms and therapeutics to improve clinical outcomes following pediatric cardiac surgery. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Feeding intolerance contributes to postoperative morbidity following pediatric cardiac surgery. The intestinal microbiome and milieu play a vital role in gut function. Short-chain fatty acids are gut and cardioprotective metabolites produced by commensal bacteria and help maintain appropriate barrier function. Depletion of these metabolites and barrier dysfunction contribute to postoperative feeding intolerance following cardiac surgery. Identifying mechanistic targets to improve the intestinal milieu with the goal of improved nutrition and clinical outcomes is critical.

An understanding of the involvement of bacterial cytoplasmic filaments in cell division requires the elucidation of the structural organization of those filamentous structures. Treponemal cytoplasmic...

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Position Announcement: Postdoctoral Research FellowWe are seeking a highly motivated postdoctoral fellow to join our research team working on the systemic effects of the human digestive tract microbio...

Position Announcement: Postdoctoral Research FellowWe are seeking a highly motivated postdoctoral fellow to join our research team working on the systemic effects of the human digestive tract microbio...