This Perspective discusses the concept, mechanisms and evidence for memory in bacteria at individual and community levels.

DNA origami has been widely employed in biomedical applications, including bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery. However, the gene-encoding capability of the DNA scaffold in DNA origami has rarely been developed. Herein, we introduce a universal strategy to construct genetically encoded DNA origami for CAR-T-based immunotherapy. Two complementary sense and antisense strands encoding the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) can be easily included as DNA scaffolds in folding DNA origami. After hybridization, genetically encoded DNA origami can function as the template for lipid growth. With decoration of the CD3 antibody targeting T cells, the lipid-coated and genetically encoded DNA origami can efficiently recognize and penetrate the cell membrane of T cells. After targeted cellular uptake, a successful CAR expression can be achieved to capture related tumor cells for CAR-T-based immunotherapy. This rationally developed DNA-origami-based delivery system provides a new avenue for the development of CAR-T therapy.

Actuators based on DNA–inorganic hybrid crystals reversibly change shape, which can be programmed by the length and composition of the DNA polymer, and induce cascaded reactions of compartmentalized e...

Theoretical physicists are in thrall to a misguided mindset that allows viable ideas to be advanced only by overturning what already exists.

This open access book provides an interdisciplinary perspective on the study of sex and gender and suggests directions for future research in this field.

Profiling host RNA shed in feces reveals disease states in the gut.

DNA nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field for biomedical applications, in both the therapeutic and diagnostic domains. The ability of DNA nanostructures to carry cargos in precise numbers and orientations makes them competitive candidates for drug delivery, biosensors, or imaging agents. Two of the main challenges for translating DNA nanostructures from the laboratory to the clinic are achieving cost-effective large-scale production and establishing comprehensive safety profiles. Having the ability to reliably and efficiently purify functionalized DNA nanostructures is key to both challenges and an open question in the field of DNA nanotechnology. Here we present a scalable method for the fast and efficient purification of a high concentration of peptide- or protein-functionalized DNA nanostructures. We use a gravity-driven size exclusion chromatography approach that has the potential to purify DNA nanostructures within 10 min in yields of up to 93% with purities of over 99.9% and is appropriate for both protein and peptide conjugates.