Single-pot solid phase-enhanced sample preparation (SP3) and trifluoroacetic acid workflows open the door to high-throughput quantitative proteomics in cya

Wed 20 Aug - Fri 22 [EDT]: 11th International Symposium on Inorganic Carbon Utilization by Aquatic Photosynthetic Organisms (CCM11) will take place at the University of York on August 20-22 later…

The universally conserved Sec translocon and the YidC/Oxa1-type insertases mediate biogenesis of alpha-helical membrane proteins, but the molecular basis of their cooperation has remained disputed over decades. A recent discovery of a multi-subunit insertase in eukaryotes has raised the question about the architecture of the putative bacterial ortholog SecYEG-YidC and its functional mechanism. Here, we combine cryogenic electron microscopy with cell-free protein synthesis in nanodiscs to visualize biogenesis of the polytopic membrane protein NuoK, the subunit K of NADH-quinone oxidoreductase, that requires both SecYEG and YidC for insertion. We demonstrate that YidC is recruited to the back of the translocon at the late stage of the substrate insertion, in resemblance to the eukaryotic system, and in vivo experiments indicate that the complex assembly is vital for the cells. The nascent chain does not utilize the lateral gate of SecYEG, but enters the lipid membrane at the SecYE-YidC interface, with YidC being the primary insertase. SecYEG-YidC complex promotes folding of the nascent helices at the interface prior their insertion, so the examined cellular pathway follows the fundamental thermodynamic principles of membrane protein folding. Our data provide the first detailed insight on the elusive insertase machinery in the physiologically relevant environment, highlight the importance of the nascent chain for its assembly, and prove the evolutionary conservation of the gate-independent insertion route. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, https://ror.org/018mejw64, Ke1879/3, 267205415 (CRC 1208) European Research Council, https://ror.org/0472cxd90, CRYOTRANSLATION

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Plants produce a large array of natural products of biotechnological interest. In many cases, these compounds are naturally produced at low titers and involve complex biosynthetic pathways, which often include cytochrome P450 enzymes. P450s are known to be difficult to express in traditional heterotrophic chassis. However, cyanobacteria have shown promise as a sustainable alternative for the heterologous expression of P450s and light-driven product biosynthesis. In this study, we explore strategies for improving plant P450 stability and membrane insertion in cyanobacteria. The widely used model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was chosen as the host, and the well-studied P450 CYP79A1 from the dhurrin pathway of Sorghum bicolor was chosen as the model enzyme. Combinations of the P450 fused with individual elements (e.g., signal peptide, transmembrane domain) or the full length cyanobacterial, thylakoid-localized, protein PetC1 were designed. All generated CYP79A1 variants led to oxime production. Our data show that strains producing CYP79A1 variants with elements of PetC1 improved thylakoid targeting. In addition, chlorophyll-normalized oxime levels increased, on average, up to 18 times compared to the unmodified CYP79A1. These findings offer promising strategies to improve heterologous P450 expression in cyanobacteria and can ultimately contribute to advancing light-driven biocatalysis in cyanobacterial chassis.