**Abstract:** Prolonged exposure to reduced gravity and altered radiation environments in lunar habitats poses a significant threat to astronaut bone health. Existing countermeasures, such as resistance exercise and pharmaceutical interventions, exhibit limitations in individual efficacy and adherence. This research proposes a novel system, the Lunar Bio-Acoustic Osteogenic Response (L-BAOR) system, utilizing hyper-personalized bio-acoustic resonance mapping in conjunction with AI-driven regimen optimization to stimulate osteoblast activity and mitigate bone loss.

Osteoporosis is a widespread skeletal disorder associated with reduced bone formation and increased fracture risk. Peptide-based therapeutics offer demonstra...

The skull of amniotes is categorized into three conditions based on skeletal arrangement in the temporal region: anapsid, synapsid and diapsid. Mammals (class Mammalia), a descendent lineage of the clade Synapsida, possess the synapsid skull, which is characterized by a single lower temporal arch that ventrally borders the lower temporal fenestra. Although we previously suggested, based on the data from placental mammals, that the reduction in the expression domain of the upstream osteogenic genes <em>Msx2</em> and <em>Runx2</em> in the embryonic temporal mesenchyme might have played a role in the evolution of synapsid skulls, the molecular basis of synapsid skull evolution is still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated expression patterns of four osteogenic genes (two upstream genes <em>Msx2</em> and <em>Runx2</em> and two downstream genes <em>Sp7</em> and <em>Sparc</em>) in the embryonic and neonatal temporal region of the gray short-tailed opossum<em> Monodelphis domestica</em>, the most commonly used experimental marsupial model, in order to more thoroughly understand the molecular basis of development of synapsid skulls unique to mammals. We found that <em>M. domestica</em> embryos and neonates display very restricted expressions of <em>Msx2</em> and/or <em>Runx2</em> in the dermal bone precursors in the temporal region, as two placental species do (the house mouse <em>Mus musculus</em> and the greater horseshoe bat <em>Rhinolophus ferrumequinum</em>). Spatially restricted expression of <em>Msx2</em> and <em>Runx2</em> in the embryonic temporal region may be a foundation for creating the

**Abstract:** This work investigates a novel method for dynamically controlling peptide self-assembly at the bio-mineral interface using precisely tuned oscillating electric fields. By manipulating the electrostatic interactions between short peptide sequences and hydroxyapatite (HAp), we achieve controlled nucleation and growth of peptide-based nanocatalysts. These nanocatalysts, in turn, enhance the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), providing a potentially transformative approach for bone tissue engineering.

IMPLICATIONS This study provides insight on the impact of electronic cigarettes on repair mechanisms mediated by stem cells. Importantly, it also examines

Inspired by the composition and structure of native bone tissue and its complex interplay of biological signals, a norepinephrine-loaded biomimetic mineralized electrocompacted collagen scaffold (NE-MEC) is developed capable of simultaneously supporting osteogenesis, neural repair, angiogenesis, and immune modulation. This NE-MEC scaffold combines biomimetic alignment, bone-mimicking composition, and sustained biochemical signaling to engage multiple regenerative pathways. Abstract Effective regeneration of critical-sized bone defects requires integrated coordination among osteogenesis, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and immune modulation—yet most biomaterials fail to address these dimensions simultaneously. Here, a norepinephrine-loaded, biomimetic mineralized electrocompacted collagen scaffold (NE-MEC) is developed that integrates structural anisotropy and sustained biochemical activity to promote integrated bone repair. Fabricated through isoelectric focusing, mechanical stretching, and amorphous calcium phosphate mineralization, NE-MEC mimics the composition and ordered alignment of native bone and preserves the characteristic D-periodicity of collagen fibrils. The mineralized electrocompacted collagen alone promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Upon norepinephrine incorporation, this osteoinductive effect is further enhanced, accompanied by early-stage upregulation of nerve growth factor, which supporting peripheral nerve repair and inducing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) production. In turn, CGRP enhances both osteogenic differentiation and neovascularization. Meanwhile, NE-MEC also stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor A expression in the regenerating bone tissue and modulates macrophage polarization. Together, these effects establish a regenerative circuit that orchestrates osteogenic, neurogenic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory processes, offering a promising biomaterial platform for synergistic skeletal repair.