Macrophage activation is essential for innate immunity and antimicrobial defense. We show that Enterococcus faecalis suppresses macrophage activation …

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 23 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41594-026-01744-4Accurately interpreting density maps into atomic models is a central yet challenging goal of cryo-EM. Two studies now reveal distinct ways in which protein structure prediction can be incorporated into cryo-EM model building to enable more accurate and robust automated construction of protein atomic models from density maps.

Natural transformation is a widespread mechanism driving genetic exchanges in bacteria. It proceeds by the capture and internalization of exogenous DNA in linear single strands, ultimately integrated in the genome by homologous recombination. It is unknown how the RecA-directed D-loop intermediate of this dedicated recombination pathway is processed. We report that resolution of the transformation D-loop depends on two endonucleases of opposing phylogenetic distribution in bacteria. One is YraN, which has co-evolved and interacts with the ComM helicase, known to extend DNA recombination at the transformation D-loop. The other is CoiA, which is restricted to the Bacillota. CoiA is shown to be a resolvase of the transformation D-loop, extended by the RadA helicase in these species. We demonstrate that both YraN and CoiA act synergistically with their cognate helicases. These findings reveal that bacteria have evolved two helicase/nuclease pairs for the maturation and recombination extension of the transformation D-loop. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Agence Nationale de la Recherche, https://ror.org/00rbzpz17, ANR-20-CE12-0004, ANR-10-BLAN-1331, ANR-17-CE13-0031, ANR-22-CE44-0044, ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID, PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005 Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, https://ror.org/04w6kn183, FDT202001010890 European Union's Horizon research and innovation programme. Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellowships, 101208987 National Institute of Health, USA, R35GM128674

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Author summary The environment in which bacteria live puts them under a great deal of stress, forcing them to adapt constantly, either temporarily or permanently. Streptococcus pneumoniae, a pathogeni...

Combining cryoelectron tomography and single-particle cryoelectron microscopy, Basu et al. define a nine-protofilament assembly in the PhuZ protein of the E. coli-infecting bacteriophage Goslar. Gosla...

We create vector graphics of model organisms and emerging biological research organisms to enhance our publications. We’re sharing these editable graphics under a CC0 license for other scientists to...

Nature Communications - In Neisseria meningitidis, the filamentous phage MDA is associated with biofilm formation during epithelium colonisation. Here, the authors investigate the relationship...

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AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are multimodal transducers of glutamatergic signals throughout the brain. Their diversity is exemplified in the cerebellum; at afferent synapses, AMPARs mediate high-frequency ...

Martinkus et al. show that Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus species encode arrays of immunity genes whose protein products neutralize toxins secreted by competitors. These arrays, often linked to Xer pass...