It All Falls Into Place

Here, we present a protocol to express anti-viral nanobodies or antigenic proteins anchored on the bacterial cell surface through the engineering of probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN). We describe steps for bacterial transformation, protein validation, outer membrane vesicle (OMV) isolation, and in vivo administration. We then detail procedures for immunological assessment through ELISA, neutralization assay, and flow cytometry analysis. This protocol can be adapted for different therapeutic ta...

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Links for you. Science: Anti-Aging Injection Regrows Knee Cartilage and Prevents Arthritis Novel genes arise from genomic deletions across the bacterial tree of life Federal health officials slash recommended childhood vaccinations under Trump’s directive Rarefaction is better than robust Aitchison PCA and other compositional data analysis methods at controlling for uneven sequencing effort He Helped Cities Anticipate Damage From Storms…

Second-line therapy for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) involves either intensive chemotherapy (ICT) or azacitidine and veneto…

Bacteria must distinguish phage attack from normal homeostatic processes, yet the danger signals that trigger many defence systems remain unknown. Here, we show that a PUA-Calcineurin-CE-HAD module from Escherichia coli ECOR28 confers broad anti-phage protection by binding Dam-methylated deoxyadenosine monophosphate (m6-dAMP) generated during phage-induced chromosome degradation. Ligand binding converts a preassembled PUA-Calcineurin-CE hexamer loaded with six HAD phosphatases into a polymerising filament. The filament acts as a high-flux dNTP sink through a two-enzyme cascade: HAD first dephosphorylates dATP to dADP, and Calcineurin-CE then converts dADP to dAMP. dNTP collapse halts phage replication and enforces abortive infection. Multiple mobile-element DNA mimic proteins block filament assembly, revealing a direct phage counter-defence. More broadly, our findings extend a conserved, cross-kingdom paradigm of immune filament assembly to nucleotide-depletion antiviral defence and suggest modified-nucleotide sensing by related PUA-Calcineurin-CE modules as a widespread, underappreciated bacterial strategy. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, https://ror.org/01qqpzg67, Postdoctoral Bridging Fellowship F.L.N. is supported by a Wessex Health Partners (WHP) and National Institute for Health and Care Research Wessex Experimental Medicine Network (NIHR WEMN), Seed fund National Institutes of Health, GM145888, U24 GM129539) Maloris Foundation Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, P30-CA008748 Simons Foundation, SF349247 New York State Assembly

In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Qiao et al. show that Bacteroides asparaginase reshapes anti-tumor immunity. When bacteria deplete asparagine, CD8⁺ T cells lose stemness and effector capacity, p...

Some young men developed severe mania after COVID that didn’t respond to medication. Testing revealed autoantibodies to the dopamine receptor, and therapeutic plasma exchange helped improve their...

The cefpodoxime proxetil tablets market continues to be a cornerstone of the anti-infective sector, providing a reliable oral option for a broad range of bacterial infections. As a third-generation cephalosporin, its stability against many beta-lactamase enzymes makes it an essential tool for treating respiratory and urinary tract infections in both adult and pediatric populations. Overview Cefpodoxime Proxetil is an oral prodrug that is converted in the body to its active form, cefpodoxime.