Often, gene therapy reviews concentrate upon specific therapeutic modalities – particularly either viral vector-mediated or a non-viral approach. Here, we draw together a comprehensive array of knowle...

UCL is consistently ranked as one of the top ten universities in the world (QS World University Rankings 2010-2022) and is No.2 in the UK for research power (Research Excellence Framework 2021).

UCL is consistently ranked as one of the top ten universities in the world (QS World University Rankings 2010-2022) and is No.2 in the UK for research power (Research Excellence Framework 2021).

The roles of distinct dopaminergic neuron subpopulations and the circuit projections driving their activity during threat behaviors remain incompletely understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that substantia nigra pars lateralis dopamine neurons receive selective, robust excitation from auditory and temporal association cortices, which, combined with rapid action potential firing, contributes to auditory threat conditioning.

Differences in neuroeconomic decision-making influence nucleus accumbens dopamine dynamics and reflect choice confidence during evaluation, as well as past and future value during re-evaluation, which...

Neuropsychopharmacology - Prefrontal contribution to passive coping behaviour in chronic stress and treatment by fast-acting antidepressant

Kim et al. show that 5XFAD mice exhibit persistent risk-taking and reduced behavioral flexibility in naturalistic “approach food-avoid predator” foraging paradigms. Simultaneous neural recordings reve...

In dynamic environments where stimuli predicting reward or punishment unexpectedly change, it is critical to flexibly update behavior while preserving…

A multi-cell-type drug discovery strategy targeting dysregulated gene networks in neurons and glia identified letrozole and irinotecan as a combination therapy that significantly improved memory and r...

Background Racemic ketamine and its enantiomer, esketamine, have emerged as fast-acting antidepressant options for individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Yet, despite growing clinical ...

A stereotaxic atlas of the whole mouse brain, based on a Nissl-stained cytoarchitecture dataset with isotropic 1-μm resolution, achieved through continuous micro-optical sectioning tomography, promise...

Disclaimer: This post was written May 2025, and the arguments apply to AI code capabilities at this time. The arguments around lack of competence are certainly likely to become less prevalent-while th...

Our experience of the world is a continuous stream of events that must be segmented and organized at multiple timescales. The neural mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. In this work, we...

Brain-wide neural circuits are formed by the diverse axonal branching patterns of many individual neurons. Here we introduce POINTseq (projections of interest by sequencing), a high-throughput and use...

Rewards play a crucial role in sculpting all motivated behavior. Traditionally, research on reinforcement learning has centered on how rewards guide learning and decision-making. Here, we examine the ...

Subchronic variable stress, a paradigm shown to have divergent behavioral effects in males and females, induces shared and distinct physiological adaptations in the VTA. While both males and females ...

Sosa et al. find that hippocampal neural activity in mice encodes both environmental location and experience relative to rewards, spanning distances far from reward, through parallel and flexible popu...

Dopamine is central to reinforcement learning, classically linked to reward prediction error signaling. However, recent findings suggest a more complex picture, with dopamine neurons responding to ave...

Emotional responses to sensory experience are central to the human condition in health and disease. We hypothesized that principles governing the emergence of emotion from sensation might be discovera...