Hematopoietic stem cell transplant is the gold standard for treatment of globoid cell leukodystrophy, also called Krabbe disease. Aisenberg et al. define the molecular signature of disease-associated macrophages (globoid cells) and demonstrate that brain-specific high-efficiency macrophage replacement in the twitcher model of Krabbe disease improves neuropathology, macrophage dysfunction, and survival.

Remyelination, the process by which axons are re-encased in myelin after injury, is a critical step in restoring brain function, yet the dynamics from initial injury to repair remain poorly characteri...