Combining fossil-based and molecular calibrations with data on horizontal gene transfer events, the authors develop a time-calibrated phylogeny of Fungi. This timescale, which integrates analytic uncertainties, suggests an older age of crown Fungi (1,401–896 million years ago), as well as a minimum age for ancient interactions involving fungi and the algal ancestors of embryophytes in terrestrial ecosystems (1,253–797 Ma).

Speciation, the process by which new reproductively isolated species emerge from ancestral populations, results from the gradual accumulation of barriers to gene flow within genomes. To date, the noti...

Although genome-wide A-to-I editing mediated by adenosine-deaminase-acting-on-tRNA (ADAT) occurs during sexual reproduction in the presence of stage-specific cofactors, RNA editing is not known to occ...

Mutation rates have long been measured as averages across many genomic positions. Recently, a method to measure the rates of individual mutations w...

The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum distributes its 16 chromosomes irregularly between two nuclei within single ascospore cells. Here, the authors show that chromosomal segregation and genetic recombi...

Phylogenetic trees are often inferred from protein sequences sampled from diverse taxa across the tree of life. The compositions of these amino acid sequences may be heterogeneous across both sites an...

ALT: woody and buzz lightyear from toy story are standing next to each other and saying `` everywhere ! ''