Dural mast cells control cerebrospinal fluid dynamics at critical brain-dura interfaces, specifically arachnoid cuff exit points. Their activation limits pathogen brain entry via histamine-induced vas...

In a recent issue of Nature, Adrover et al. report a neutrophil subset that induces pleomorphic tumor necrosis through NET-mediated vascular occlusion. This process drives epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of perinecrotic cancer cells, reframing necrosis as an active process and uncovering targetable mechanisms to combat cancer dissemination.

The immune system of wildlings—mice with a wild-derived microbiota—has features similar to that in adult humans. In this issue of Immunity, Oh et al. demonstrate the long-term stability of wildling microbiota and immune traits, establishing these mice as an accessible, transferable model for immunology research.

The term “extrafollicular” is now being used expansively to describe a variety of B cell processes beyond the original use of the term, potentially obscuring important distinct immunological processes. We discuss current uses of the term extrafollicular and propose a framework to help classify these evolving concepts in B cell biology.

Researchers at the University of Calgary studying a lethal lung disease called pulmonary fibrosis have found that neurons known to help detect pain are also critical for reducing harmful lung inflammation that leads to the disease.

Gonzalez-Hurtado, Leveau and colleagues characterize adipose resident tissue macrophages across lifespan in mice, finding that nerve-associated macrophages, which mitigate inflammation and control lip...

The cytokine messenger proteins known as interferons are central to protective immune responses against infections, but they are also involved in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review maps...

Meet Larry, the Scientific Cat Larry — a fluffy, slightly overweight cat — has achieved what many postdocs or even professors only dream of: becoming the most cited “author” in his field. Obviously, ...

Biological sex exerts a substantial influence on the immune system and immune-related diseases. Males are more susceptible to the acute effects of viral disease and certain cancers, whereas females ex...

Advancements in vaccination and sanitation have significantly reduced the prevalence and burden of infectious diseases; however, these benefits have coincided with a marked rise in autoimmune and alle...

Severe pneumonia is predominantly caused by cytokine storms in the lung, but how this process is controlled remains unclear. Li et al. find that severe pneumonia activates central amygdala GABAergic neurons, which triggers a sympathetic nerve-pulmonary interstitial macrophage interaction that amplifies lung inflammation. Blocking this pathway reduces harmful inflammation and cytokine storms, offering a promising therapeutic target for severe pneumonia.

Neutrophils are highly dynamic immune cells with diverse phenotypes shaped by development, tissue-specific signals, and disease contexts. This perspective proposes a four-tiered framework integrating maturation, tissue localization, and function to standardize neutrophil research, improve cross-study comparisons, and support the discovery of targeted therapies in inflammation and immune-related diseases.

Sensory innervation impacts several lung diseases, but whether it influences pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is unclear. Hiroki et al. report that depletion of TRPV1+ nociceptors leads to worsening of inflammation-induced PF. Mechanistically, nociceptor depletion results in aberrant production of the neuropeptide VIP by alveolar macrophages, which increases TGF-β1 levels and causes Siglec-F+ neutrophils to release NETs that contribute to PF pathology.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are type 1 interferon (IFN-I)-producing antiviral specialists that have been shown to be able to differentiate into conventional dendritic cells. Here the authors show how...

While BCG is the standard therapy for bladder cancer, its clinical limitations demand improved strategies. Jurado et al. show that combining BCG with β-glucan reprograms granulopoiesis to generate tra...

Pulmonary immunity must strike a precise balance between protecting the delicate mucosal tissue from environmental threats and preserving its vital gas-exchange function. In this issue of Immunity, Li...