“I am frightened for the state of the future of our field if this isn't reversed rapidly,” says Joshua Gordon, professor of psychiatry at Columbia University and former director of the National…

Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to both damage and recovery, yet no effective therapy exists to mitigate central nervous system (CNS) injury and promote recovery after TBI. In the present study, we found that nasal administration of an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody ameliorated CNS damage and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of contusional TBI. Nasal anti-CD3 induced a population of interleukin (IL)-10-producing regulatory T cells (Treg cells) that migrated to the brain and closely contacted microglia. Treg cells directly reduced chronic microglia inflammation and regulated their phagocytic function in an IL-10-dependent manner. Blocking the IL-10 receptor globally or specifically on microglia in vivo abrogated the beneficial effects of nasal anti-CD3. However, the adoptive transfer of IL-10-producing Treg cells to TBI-injured mice restored these beneficial effects by enhancing microglial phagocytic capacity and reducing microglia-

Plastic consumption in seabirds causes blood signatures of widespread organ damage including brain, stomach, kidney, and liver.

Samples from Bennu contain the chemical building blocks of life — but with a twist.

Disabled scientists are trying to make research labs and fieldwork more accessible. They say labs and field sites aren’t designed to serve them.

In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of 688,808 individuals with major depression (MD) and 4,364,225 controls from 29 countries across diverse and admixed ancestries, we identify 697 associations at 635 loci, 293 of which are novel. Using fine-mapping and functional tools, we find 308 high-confidence gene associations and enrichment of postsynaptic density and receptor clustering. A neural cell-type enrichment analysis utilizing single-cell data implicates excitatory, inhibitory, and medium spiny neurons and the involvement of amygdala neurons in both mouse and human single-cell analyses. The associations are enriched for antidepressant targets and provide potential repurposing opportunities. Polygenic scores trained using European or multi-ancestry data predicted MD status across all ancestries, explaining up to 5.8% of MD liability variance in Europeans. These findings advance our global understanding of MD and reveal biological targets that may be used to target and develop pharmacotherapies addressing the unmet need for effective treatment.

Thousands of histological sections of vertebrate brains—including from spiny dogfish, turtles and more—are newly available online.

Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis outline how they used a chemical probe to light up interlocking peptides. Their technique will help scientists differentiate synthetic peptides...

A host of factors figure into whether someone is female, male or somewhere in between

Genomics-based predictions indicate that plants harbor the ability to make a vast array of as yet undiscovered chemistry. This Perspective argues that recent advances open up the potential to harness ...

Even average use of nitrogen fertilisers cut flower numbers fivefold and halved pollinating insects