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Christopher Blair

H-index: 9
Political science 44%
Sociology 30%
chriswblair.bsky.social
I was quite pessimistic about the trajectory of American democracy in my last response to a Brightline Watch survey.

Clearly I was not sufficiently pessimistic.

Reposted by: Christopher Blair

mararevkin.bsky.social
Excited to share a new open-access article with @benckrick.bsky.social @jonpetkun.bsky.social in @iojournal.bsky.social, "Civilian Harm & Military Legitimacy" www.cambridge.org/core/journal.... This project started in 2018 Mosul, Iraq’s 2nd largest city, in the aftermath of a 9-month battle … 1/7
chriswblair.bsky.social
I just emailed you! Happy to help debug code offline if it'd be helpful.
chriswblair.bsky.social
Agreed! I think this move is a political gambit to inflate deportation numbers.

My quote in the article touches on this - paying people to return home is not likely to keep them from attempting to migrate again

And even if the admin doesn’t care about conflict in origin countries, we should!
chriswblair.bsky.social
A new Trump administration policy offers cash to migrants undertaking "self-deportation." It was a pleasure to speak with @bloomberg.com on some of the potential pitfalls of this approach, building on my research on a cash-for-repatriation scheme in Pakistan

www.bloomberg.com/news/article...
Refugee Return and Conflict: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
We estimate the causal effect of a large-scale cash assistance program for refugee returnees on conflict in Afghanistan. The program led to a significant increa
papers.ssrn.com

Reposted by: Christopher Blair

jeffreyswindle.bsky.social
This dataset is truly awesome. Check out this example map (especially Latin America) from their report introducing the dataset. Thanks to the authors & contributors! @chriswblair.bsky.social @guygrossman.bsky.social
atrupar.com
COLLINS: Can President Bukele weigh in on this? Do you plan to return Garcia?

BUKELE: How can I smuggle a terrorist into the United States? Of course I'm not going to do it. The question is preposterous

TRUMP: These are sick people
atrupar.com
Trump to Zelenskyy: "Don't tell us what we're gonna feel. You're in no position to dictate that. You're in no position to dictate what we're gonna feel. We're gonna feel very good and very strong. You're right now not in a very good position. You're gambling with World War 3."

Reposted by: Christopher Blair

kenwhite.bsky.social
Watching Putin’s little stooges try to bully Zelenskyy in our goddamned White House is pretty repulsive.
chriswblair.bsky.social
In the US, amidst a demoralizing political news cycle, the Trump admin has reinitiated the Maximum Pressure strategy on Iran, imposing renewed sanctions.

Our findings suggest growing pressure on Iran could result in another wave of mass Afghan repatriation, further destabilizing Afghanistan.
Trump team aims to bankrupt Iran with new "maximum pressure" plan
chriswblair.bsky.social
For policy, a number of recent developments are relevant.

Several European countries are contemplating forcibly repatriating Syrian refugees. Achieving Syrian returns by restricting hosting conditions for Syrian refugees may exacerbate instability in Syrian areas that receive returnees from Europe.
Danish plan to repatriate Syrian refugees sparks controversy
chriswblair.bsky.social
Why does this all matter?

For theory, we think the framework we develop is quite useful. Consequences of repatriation are intimately linked with the contexts of repatriation.

Returns resulting from worsening conditions in a host country are an important, overlooked phenomenon.
chriswblair.bsky.social
One possible reason is that there was nothing for returnees and their non-migrant neighbors to fight over, like parochial access of one group but not the other to aid, land, resources.

Another possibility is that strong local institutions in returnee-receiving areas mitigated conflict.
Map of reliance on local institutions for dispute resolution. Dispute resolutions offset risks of communal conflict stemming from return.
chriswblair.bsky.social
What about communal violence?

Much prior evidence suggests mass repatriation increases communal disputes and local feuds.

To our surprise, we find no evidence that return was associated with ⬆️ communal conflict in this setting. If anything, returnees reported better relations.
Return had a small negative effect on communal tension as reported in a survey. No effect of return on communal conflict as reported in administrative data.
chriswblair.bsky.social
We develop a new measure of Iranian covert support networks in Afghanistan, using FOIA-ed information on Iranian facilitation routes and arms trafficking.

Violence during the Max Pressure period ⬆️ disproportionately in returnee-receiving communities linked to Iran-backed Taliban cells
Map of Iranian covert networks in Afghanistan. Insurgent violence increased in Iran-linked areas during the Maximum Pressure period.
chriswblair.bsky.social
Another possible explanation for the increase in insurgent violence also stands out.

Iran may have retaliated against U.S. sanctions by ratcheting up support for militant factions in Afghanistan, hindering US efforts to negotiate a peace and withdraw.
chriswblair.bsky.social
We cannot directly observe Taliban recruitment designed to capitalize on these dynamics.

But: tactical shifts are suggestive. Insurgents flush with recruits can pull off riskier and deadlier ops using labor-intensive tactics (e.g., complex attacks) that require large teams of perps to conduct.
Positive effect of return on insurgent allocation in labor-intensive tactics. Positive effect of return on insurgent allocation against hard, military targets. Positive effect of return on lethality of labor-intensive tactics.
chriswblair.bsky.social
We find evidence consistent with this interpretation.

In returnee-receiving communities, there was ⬆️ unemployment, ⬇️ economic perceptions, and ⬇️ consumption (as measured by nighttime luminosity)
Negative effect of return on economic perceptions. Negative effect of return on nighttime luminosity.
chriswblair.bsky.social
US Defense Dept. officials foresaw this possibility, and noted that large-scale returns of destitute Afghan refugees to Afghanistan at a time when the Taliban was interested in recruiting part-time fighters for the summer offensive would make these individuals targets of recruitment.
chriswblair.bsky.social
Why did violence ⬆️ in repatriation-receiving communities?

One explanation relates to a classical political economy account -- opportunity costs

The sanctions-induced economic collapse in Iran meant returnees and their non-migrant neighbors were impoverished and vulnerable to insurgent recruitment

References

Fields & subjects

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